Elbow Dysplasia surgery in dogs

Elbow dysplasia is the most common cause of forelimb lameness in large-breed dogs. It is not a single condition but a group of developmental abnormalities — including ununited anconeal process (UAP), fragmented coronoid process (FCP/MCPD), osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), and incongruity — that lead to pain, cartilage erosion, and osteoarthritis. Early specialist intervention offers the best chance of slowing joint deterioration.

What it is

Treatment depends on the specific abnormality. FCP/Medial Compartment Disease: arthroscopic fragment removal and joint debridement is the standard; proximal ulnar osteotomy or total elbow replacement may be indicated for advanced cases. UAP: lag-screw reattachment or fragment removal, often combined with proximal ulnar osteotomy to correct incongruity. OCD of the elbow: arthroscopic flap removal and cartilage treatment. Total elbow replacement (BioMedtrix TATE) is available at a small number of specialist centres for end-stage disease.

When it's needed

• Persistent forelimb lameness in large-breed dogs aged 4–18 months
• CT or MRI confirmation of FCP, UAP, OCD, or elbow incongruity
• Failure of medical management (rest, NSAIDs, weight control)
• Progressive elbow osteoarthritis reducing quality of life
• Bilateral disease — both elbows commonly affected

Procedure summary

CT is the gold standard for pre-operative planning. Arthroscopy is the preferred surgical approach for most cases — smaller incisions, better joint visualisation, faster recovery. Open surgery is used for UAP reattachment or osteotomy procedures. Duration is 45–90 minutes per joint. Most dogs are discharged the same day or after one night.

Recovery

Restricted activity for 6–8 weeks post-operatively. Physiotherapy and hydrotherapy support muscle recovery and joint health. Most dogs show significant lameness improvement, though some degree of arthritis progression is expected long-term. Early intervention is the most important factor in long-term outcome.

Common questions